The Pali literature makes reference to five types of pandaka: In traditional Hindu pre-scientific thought, all reproductive capacity (or burden) has been assigned to the sperm and lingam with no credit to the female or egg. (Historic references to hermaphroditism have been superseded by the understanding that true hermaphroditism has never been observed in humans.) Paṇḍaka is a less clear cut case, all references have a central theme: some form of deficiency in male sexual reproductive capacity or reproductive desire. ubhatobyañjanaka refers to intersex or literally a person with the signs of both binary sexes/genders. In the Vinaya Pali Canon, 4 gender types are defined: male, female, ubhatobyañjanaka and pandaka. It has been studied under the auspices of Theravada Buddhist thought. Paṇḍaka is a Sanskrit and Pali sexuality term which does not have precise English translation, but incorporates (or perhaps confuses) multiple concepts associated with immaturity, voyeurism, impotence and infertility.
